Gut Microbiota in Human Metabolic Health and Diseases: Current Perspective and Impending Aspects

The urban lifestyle results in various metabolic abnormalities, including metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome. A complex ecosystem of bacteria living in the gastrointestinal tract – the gut microbiota, is essential for many physiological processes, such as immune system modulation and nutrition metabolism. Changes in the richness and composition of the gut microbiota have been linked in recent research to the onset and course of metabolic syndrome, a group of illnesses that includes hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidemia. It is possible to design targeted therapies, such as probiotics or dietary regimens to alter the microbiome and perhaps reduce the risk or severity of metabolic syndrome by understanding the complex pathways by which gut microbiota influence the condition.