Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research

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Forward Osmosis: An Energy-Efficient Approach for the Treatment and Recovery of Resources from the Dairy Industry Effluent


Affiliations
1 Department of General Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
3 Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
4 DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India

The study explores implementing the Forward Osmosis (FO) membrane separation process to recover resources from whey, a waste stream in the dairy industry. A Hollow Fibre FO (HF-FO) membrane with membrane area of 13.8 m2 was employed, using aqueous NaCl as the draw solution. The optimization study delves into the impact of operating parameters such as mode of FO, concentration and osmotic pressure of draw solution and Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) on overall process efficiency. In the recirculation mode of FO, 24% (w/w) aqueous NaCl draw solution attained an impressive water recovery of 83.06% at a flux of 2.206 LMH (liters per square meter per hour) without any external TMP. With a slight application of TMP of 0.35 bar, water recovery further increased to 94.41%, concurrently achieving a high concentration factor of 17.87 at a flux of 2.462 LMH. Notably, lactose, a value-added product, is concentrated from 3.95% to 49.5% in the concentrated whey stream. The reported FO process exhibited remarkable energy efficiency, achieving a specific energy consumption of less than 8 kWh per ton of water removed. Thus, this approach is resourcefully and economically beneficial for the dairy industry, presenting a sustainable solution with positive environmental implications.

Keywords

Forward osmosis, Industrial wastewater, Membrane separation, Lactose, Whey
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  • Forward Osmosis: An Energy-Efficient Approach for the Treatment and Recovery of Resources from the Dairy Industry Effluent

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Authors

Vibha Agrawal
Department of General Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
Sanmesh Kharade
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
Mukesh Achari
Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
Hitesh Pawar
DBT-ICT-Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
Dilip Sarode
Department of General Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India

Abstract


The study explores implementing the Forward Osmosis (FO) membrane separation process to recover resources from whey, a waste stream in the dairy industry. A Hollow Fibre FO (HF-FO) membrane with membrane area of 13.8 m2 was employed, using aqueous NaCl as the draw solution. The optimization study delves into the impact of operating parameters such as mode of FO, concentration and osmotic pressure of draw solution and Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) on overall process efficiency. In the recirculation mode of FO, 24% (w/w) aqueous NaCl draw solution attained an impressive water recovery of 83.06% at a flux of 2.206 LMH (liters per square meter per hour) without any external TMP. With a slight application of TMP of 0.35 bar, water recovery further increased to 94.41%, concurrently achieving a high concentration factor of 17.87 at a flux of 2.462 LMH. Notably, lactose, a value-added product, is concentrated from 3.95% to 49.5% in the concentrated whey stream. The reported FO process exhibited remarkable energy efficiency, achieving a specific energy consumption of less than 8 kWh per ton of water removed. Thus, this approach is resourcefully and economically beneficial for the dairy industry, presenting a sustainable solution with positive environmental implications.

Keywords


Forward osmosis, Industrial wastewater, Membrane separation, Lactose, Whey