Indian Journal of Chemical Technology

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Bio-oil production: A comparative analysis of catalytic pyrolysis with cobalt catalyst versus direct pyrolysis of Azolla and Ulva biomasses


Affiliations
1 Biofuel laboratory, Caspian Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran, P.O. BOX 111454653, Iran, Islamic Republic of
2 Faculty of Engineering University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
3 Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States

Bio-oil is a key alternative to fossil fuels, and its commercialization requires assessing production quality and quantity. Catalysts play a crucial role in the bio-oil production process. This study evaluates the impact of cobalt-based zeolite (Co/HZSM-5) catalysts on the pyrolysis of Azolla and Ulva biomasses, focusing on bio-oil production and comparing it with direct pyrolysis. It demonstrated that catalytic pyrolysis improved the high heat value (HHV) and energy yield of the bio-oil compared with direct pyrolysis.Specifically, for Azolla, the bio-oil yield decreased from 30.64% in direct pyrolysis to 23.5% with the catalyst, while HHV increased from 28.6 MJ/kg to 33.2 MJ/kg. For Ulva, bio-oil yield fell from 34.43% to 26.1%, with HHV rising from 30.7 MJ/kg to 32.26 MJ/kg. Catalytic pyrolysis also enhanced energy recovery, achieving 48.37% for Azolla and 69.02% for Ulva. The process altered the distribution of pyrolysis products: biogas yield dropped from 37% to 27.14% for Azolla and from 30.5% to 16.57% for Ulva, while biochar yield increased from 39.5% to 42.21% for Azolla and from 43.4% to 49% for Ulva. These results suggest that catalytic pyrolysis is effective in producing higher quality bio-oil and improves overall energy efficiency.

Keywords

Azolla biomass, Bio-oil, Catalytic pyrolysis, Cobalt Catalyst, HHV, Ulva biomass
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  • Bio-oil production: A comparative analysis of catalytic pyrolysis with cobalt catalyst versus direct pyrolysis of Azolla and Ulva biomasses

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Authors

S. Pourkarimi
Biofuel laboratory, Caspian Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran, P.O. BOX 111454653, Iran, Islamic Republic of
M. Saberdelsadeh
Faculty of Engineering University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
H. Nouri
Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
A. Hallajisani
Biofuel laboratory, Caspian Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran, P.O. BOX 111454653, Iran, Islamic Republic of

Abstract


Bio-oil is a key alternative to fossil fuels, and its commercialization requires assessing production quality and quantity. Catalysts play a crucial role in the bio-oil production process. This study evaluates the impact of cobalt-based zeolite (Co/HZSM-5) catalysts on the pyrolysis of Azolla and Ulva biomasses, focusing on bio-oil production and comparing it with direct pyrolysis. It demonstrated that catalytic pyrolysis improved the high heat value (HHV) and energy yield of the bio-oil compared with direct pyrolysis.Specifically, for Azolla, the bio-oil yield decreased from 30.64% in direct pyrolysis to 23.5% with the catalyst, while HHV increased from 28.6 MJ/kg to 33.2 MJ/kg. For Ulva, bio-oil yield fell from 34.43% to 26.1%, with HHV rising from 30.7 MJ/kg to 32.26 MJ/kg. Catalytic pyrolysis also enhanced energy recovery, achieving 48.37% for Azolla and 69.02% for Ulva. The process altered the distribution of pyrolysis products: biogas yield dropped from 37% to 27.14% for Azolla and from 30.5% to 16.57% for Ulva, while biochar yield increased from 39.5% to 42.21% for Azolla and from 43.4% to 49% for Ulva. These results suggest that catalytic pyrolysis is effective in producing higher quality bio-oil and improves overall energy efficiency.

Keywords


Azolla biomass, Bio-oil, Catalytic pyrolysis, Cobalt Catalyst, HHV, Ulva biomass