Maternal and Fetal Outcome of Pregnant Women with Diabetes

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses an important public health problem because it not only affects the maternal and fetal outcome, but these women with their fetuses are also at an increased risk of developing diabetes and related complications later in their life. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the maternal and fetal outcomes of diabetic v/s normoglycemic pregnancies Material & method: This was a retrospective analytical record based study conducted in a tertiary level hospital on 100 pregnant women over a period of one year. Information regarding maternal fetal and labor outcome parameters was recorded and compared in diabetic and normoglycemic pregnancies Results: In this study, patients with obesity, history of diabetes in the family, spontaneous abortions, history of intrauterine death and gestational diabetes in previous pregnancy had a greater incidence of GDM in current pregnancy (p<0.05). Hypertension, polyhydromnios, macrosomia, fetopelvic disproportion and cesarean sections were more (p<0.001) among diabetic pregnancies. Hypoglycemia, hyper-bilirubinemia, congenital anomalies were also observed to be more among diabetic pregnancies - suggesting an adverse effect of hyperglycemia in utero Conclusion: Diabetes during pregnancy is associated with higher maternal and fetal morbidity and pregnancy provides an opportunity to the clinician to control the disease process and inculcate healthy lifestyle practices in these patients.