A Review on Viperin Evoke Exponential Interferon Radical SAM Enzyme and Macrophages Inducibility to Treat Viral Infections

Viral infections are one of the major health issues prevailing now a day. They demand new therapeutic strategies. Viperin is a virus inhibitory protein which is present in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells. Viperin is a member of radical S-adenosyl methionine and is a super family of enzymes. Viperin is an interferon inducible protein which involves in the inhibition of replication and budding of a wide range of both DNA and RNA viruses including chikungunyavirus, bunyamwera virus, tick-born encephalitis virus, influenza virus, human cytomegalo virus, west nile virus, hepatitis-C virus, sindbis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, HIV and others. Viperin is an enzyme which helps in converting cytidine triphosphate (CTP) to 3¹-deoxy-3¹4¹-didehydro CTP (ddhCTP) so that the viral replication stops. CTP is very much essential for the viral replication. This mechanism occurs through S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) dependent radical mechanism which is similar to other members of the RS super family. In innate signaling Viperin plays a main role by both direct inhibition and replication and by budding and it destroys the actin cyto-skeleton which further leads to increase HCMV. It is an best example to determine the anti-viral property.